前臂后皮神经营养血管远端蒂筋膜皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损

目的：探讨前臂后皮神经营养血管远端蒂筋膜皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法：对18例手部创伤性软组织缺损创面采用带前臂后皮神经营养血管远端蒂筋膜皮瓣进行修复,其中机器绞伤11例,压砸伤5例,电锯伤2例,皮瓣面积最大为12cm×8cm,最小7cm×5cm。结果：17例皮瓣完全成活;1例皮瓣边缘部分坏死,经清创换药痊愈。术后随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地良好,外观满意。结论：前臂后皮神经营养血管远端蒂筋膜皮瓣切取简便、成功率高,是修复手部软组织缺损的理想供区。     

上海市青浦区噪声作业人员听力状况分析

目的 了解近3年青浦区噪声作业人员的听力变化趋势,为预防职业性噪声聋提供依据。方法 收集2018-2020年青浦区噪声作业人员在岗期间的听力数据,并运用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果 噪声作业人员的双耳高频平均听阈升高率2018-2020年分别为6.09%、5.16%、3.06%,呈逐年降低趋势(P<0.01);男性升高率高于女性(P<0.01);随着年龄、工龄的增加,升高率呈现增高趋势(P<0.01)。双耳高频平均听阈升高率位于前三的行业分别为建筑业(28.57%)、租赁和商务服务业(18.72%)以及批发零售业(13.89%)。结论 噪声作业人员的职业病防控工作仍不可放松,应及时对噪声作业重点人员进行有针对性的干预。     

上海郊区老年痴呆症病人α-雌激素受体及芳香烃受体基因多态性

目的：探索上海地区农民人群中α-雌激素受体基因(ER-α)及芳香烃受体基因(Ahr)不同基因形态和老年痴呆症高发风险的可能联系．方法：分别以PCR—RFLP和AS—PCR方法分析一组老年痴呆症患者(n=52)ER-α基因及Ahr基因的多态位点，同一地区的健康人群(n=125)为对照．结果：Alzheimer症病人ER-α基因两个位点突变形态频率显著高于对照人群(Pvu Ⅱ位点：P=0．023，OR=2．94，95％CI 1．13—7．71；Xba I位点：P=0．046，0R=2．28，95％ CI 1．003—5．17)．Ahr G1721A位点基因型频率在病人组和对照组间无显著差异．结论：ER-α基因多态性可能与Alzheimer症易感性个体差异有关，本工作不支持Ahr基因多态性与老年痴呆症高发风险间的可能关联．     

Treatment of 25 cases of obstruction of Qi in the chest by Tuina

应用一指禅手法为主治疗25例胸痹患者,结果显示推拿对胸痹患者的各种临床症状均有缓解作用,治愈10例,好转14例,无效1例.     

Beliefs and expectations of rural hospital practitioners towards a developing trauma system: A qualitative case study

BackgroundAn understanding of stakeholders’ views is key to the successful development and operation of a rural trauma system. Scotland, which has large remote and rural areas, is currently implementing a national trauma system. The aim of this study was to identify key barriers and enablers to the development of an effective trauma system from the perspective of rural healthcare professionals.MethodsThis is a qualitative study, which was conducted in rural general hospitals (RGH) in Scotland, from April to June 2017. We used an opportunistic sampling strategy to include hospital providers of rural trauma care across the region. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to identify and group participant perspectives on key barriers and enablers to the development of the new trauma system.ResultsWe conducted 15 interviews with 18 participants in six RGHs. Study participants described barriers and enablers across three themes: 1) quality of care, 2) interfaces within the system and 3) interfaces with the wider healthcare system. For quality of care, enablers included confidence in basic trauma management, whilst a perceived lack of change from current management was seen as a barrier. The theme of interfaces within the system identified good interaction with other services and a single point of contact for referral as enablers. Perceived barriers included challenges in referring to tertiary care. The final theme of interfaces with the wider healthcare system included an improved transport system, increased audit resource and coordinated clinical training as enablers. Perceived barriers included a rural staffing crisis and problematic patient transfer to further care.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into rural professionals’ perceptions regarding the implementation of a trauma system in rural Scotland. Barriers included practical issues, such as retrieval, transfer and referral processes. Importantly, there is a degree of uncertainty, discontent and disengagement towards trauma system development, and concerns regarding staffing levels and governance. These issues are unlikely to be unique to Scotland and warrant further study to inform service planning and the effective delivery of rural trauma systems.     

Quantitative assessment of the influence of tumor necrosis factor alpha polymorphism with gastritis and gastric cancer risk

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) is an important molecule in inflammatory, infectious, and tumoral processes. Inflammation is one of the early phases in the development of gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, several studies have examined the association of polymorphism in TNFA with gastritis and GC risk. A functional polymorphism, -308G>A (rs1800629), which is located in the promoter of TNFA gene, has been suggested to alter the production of TNF-α and influence cancer risk. To date, a number of studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the polymorphism and gastritis or GC susceptibility, but the results were conflicting. To investigate this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis of 36 studies for TNFA -308G>A polymorphism to evaluate the effect of TNFA on genetic susceptibility for gastritis and GC. An overall random-effects per-allele odds ratio of 1.16 (95 % confidence interval 1.04–1.29, P?=?0.008) was found for the polymorphism. Significant results were also observed using dominant or recessive genetic models. In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, significant results were found in Caucasians, whereas no significant associations were found among East Asians and other ethnic populations. No associations between the polymorphism and gastritis were observed. In addition, our data indicate that TNFA is involved in GC susceptibility and confers its effect primarily in diffuse type of tumors. Besides, -308G>A polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with both cardiac and noncardiac tumors. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the TNFA -308G>A polymorphism is a risk factor for developing GC, but the associations vary in different ethnic populations.     

掌侧T形钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折

目的评价掌侧T形钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效。方法采用掌侧T形钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者80例,AO分型A3型20例,B1型2例,B2型1例,B3型1例,C1型21例,C2型22例,C3型13例。结果本组80例患者全部获得随访,随访6～38个月(平均25.3个月),骨折全部愈合。采用Dienst腕关节功能标准评价疗效:优67例,良9例,可4例。结论掌侧T形钢板治疗桡骨骨远端不稳定骨折,内固定牢靠,可早期进行功能锻炼,疗效满意。     

酪酸梭菌对非酒精性脂肪性肝病的疗效及对肠屏障的影响

目的探讨酪酸梭菌对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者肠屏障的作用及其对NAFLD的疗效和作用机制。方法选择在该院消化科就诊的NAFLD患者100例纳入NAFLD组,另选取50例健康体检者纳入对照组,比较两组的肠屏障功能指标[血清内毒素、二胺氧化酶(DAO)和D-乳酸]。将NAFLD组患者按照随机数字表法又分为A组、B组,两组均予以常规低脂饮食+有氧运动+双环醇1粒tid po,A组在此基础上,予以酪酸梭菌2粒tid po。将NAFLD组根据丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)值分为ALT升高组和ALT正常组,比较两组肠屏障功能障碍发生率及炎性反应指标[白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平。分别于给药1个月后复查患者肠屏障功能、血脂[三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)]、肝功能、炎性反应指标等,并对A组与B组患者以上指标进行比较。结果NAFLD组的血清内毒素、DAO、D-乳酸水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ALT升高组的TNF-α、IL-6水平明显高于ALT正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药后A组与B组内毒素、D-乳酸、DAO水平均较用药前下降,A组下降比B组更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药后A组与B组IL-6、TNF-α、TG水平均较用药前下降,A组下降比B组更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组的总有效率(86.0%)高于B组(70.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论NAFLD患者存在肠屏障损伤,可能与炎性反应激活有关。联合酪酸梭菌治疗有助于改善NAFLD患者的肠屏障功能,降低血脂水平,提高疗效。